Investigating Platforms. A Critical Lexicon

Resumen

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una retícula interpretativa y un léxico crítico a través de los cuales sea posible enmarcar en términos teóricos y metodológicos las disrupciones y tendencias del urbanismo de plataforma y los principales retos laborales de la plataforma. El artículo se organiza en torno a siete palabras clave como un conjunto de herramientas para ampliar y enriquecer el debate actual sobre estas transformaciones. Empezaremos enmarcando las principales características de las plataformas en términos de organización del espacio y el tiempo, y luego consideraremos su papel en la infraestructura social, así como su impacto en la organización del trabajo, no sólo en términos de producción de valor, sino también en términos de producción de desigualdades
y resistencias. Por último, destacaremos cómo categorías políticas como la soberanía deben ser reconsideradas debido a la expansión de las plataformas.

Palabras clave:

Plataformas capitalismo infraestructuras tecnologías digitales trabajo transurbanismo.

Citas

Allen, B. (1997). “The Logistics Revolution and Transportation”, Annals of the American

Academy of Political and Social Science, 553 (1), 106-116.

Altenried, M. (2019). On the last mile: logistical urbanism and the transformation of

labour, Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 13 (1), 114-129.

Balaram, B., Warden, J. and Wallace-Stephens, F. (2017) Good gigs: a fairer future for

the UK’s gig economy, London: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures

and Commerce, retrieved from: www.thersa.org/globalassets/pdfs/reports/

rsa_good-gigs-fairer-gig-economy-report.pdf)

Barbrook, R. & Cameron, A. (1995), The Californian Ideology, Mute 1 (3), retrieved

from: https://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/californian-ideology.

Barzilay, A. & Ben-David, A. (2017) Platform inequality: Gender in the gig economy,

Seton Hall Law Review 393 (47), 1-25.

Berg, J. (2016). Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons

from a survey of crowdworkers, International Labour Office, Inclusive Labour

Markets, Labour Relations and Working Conditions Branch. - Conditions of work and

employment series, No. 74, Geneva: ILO.

Bernes, J. (2013), Logistics, counterlogistics and the communist prospect, Endnotes 3, retrieved

from: https://endnotes.org.uk/issues/3/en/jasper-bernes-logistics-counterlogistics-

and-the-communist-prospect.

Bologna, S. (1997), Dieci tesi per la definizione di uno statuto del lavoro autonomo, in S.

Bologna & A. Fumagalli (Eds.), Il lavoro autonomo di seconda generazione, Milano:

Feltrinelli.

Bonacich, E. & Wilson, J. B. (2008). Getting the Goods: Ports, Labor, and the Logistics

Revolution. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.

Bratton, B. H. (2015). The Stack. On Software and Sovereignty. Cambridge, MA: The

MIT Press.

Brenner, N. (2010). The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections on Henri Lefebvre,

Urban Theory and the Politics of Scale, International Journal of Urban and

Regional Research, 24, (2), 361-378.

Casilli, A. (2019). En attendant les robots: Enquête sur le travail du clic. Paris: Seuil.

Clover, J. (2016) Riot. Strike. Riot: The New Era of Uprisings, London: Verso.

Davenport, T. H. (2014). Big Data at Work: Dispelling the Myths, Uncovering the Opportunities,

Boston: Harward Business School Publishing Corporation.

Easterling, K. (2016). Extrastatecraft: The power of insfrastructure space, London: Verso.

EUROFOUND (2015). New forms of employment, Luxembourg: Publications Office of

the European Union, retrieved from: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/

files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1461en.pdf

Farinelli, F. (2009), La crisi della ragione cartografica, Torino: Einaudi.

Fumagalli, A. (2019). New Forms of Exploitation in Bio-cognitive Capitalism: Towards

Life Subsumption, in A. Fumagalli, A. Guliani, S. Lucarelli & C. Vercellone (Eds.),

Cognitive Capitalism, Welfare and Labour. The Commonfare Hypothesis, London:

Routledge.

Fumagalli, A. (2017). Economia politica del comune. Sfruttamento e sussunzione nel capitalismo

bio-cognitivo, Roma: Derive Approdi.

Fumagalli, A. & Morini, C. (2020) Antropomorphic Capital and Commonwealth Value,

in Frontiers in Sociology, 5 (24), retrieved from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/

3389/fsoc.2020.00024/full.

Gambetta, D. (Ed.), (2018). Datacrazia, Roma: D Editore.

Gorwa, R. (2019). What is Platform Governance?, Information, Communication & Society,

(6), 854-871.

Graham, S. (2010). When Infrastructures Fail. In S. Graham (Ed.), Disruptive Cities.

When Infrastructure Fails, London: Routledge.

Graham, S., & Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering urbanism, London: Routledge.

Haraway, D. (1985). A Cyborg Manifesto. Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism

in the late Twentieth Century, retrieved from: https://www.sfu.ca/~decaste/OISE/

page2/files/HarawayCyborg.pdf

Haraway, D. (2016). Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham:

Duke University Press.

Hunt, A. & Machingura, F. (2016), A good gig? The rise of on-demand domestic work

Working Paper 7, London: Oversees Development Institute.

Hunt, A. & Samman, E. (2019), Gender and the gig economy: Critical steps for evidence-

based policy, London: Oversees Development Institute, retrieved from: https://

www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12586.pdf

Huws, U., Spencer, N.H., Syrdal, D.S. & Holts, K. (2017), Work in the European Gig

Economy: Research results from the UK, Sweden, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands,

Switzerland and Italy, Brussel: Foundation for European Progressive Studies.

Huws, U. (2016). Logged labour: A new paradigm of work organisation?, Work Organisation,

Labour & Globalisation, 10(1), 7-26.

Ipeirotis, P. G. (2010), Demographics of Mechanical Turk, CeDER Working Paper 10-01,

New York: Stern School of Business, New York University.

Jarrett, K. (2018), ‘Through the reproductive lens: labour and struggle at the intersection

of culture and economy’, in Chandler, D. & Fuchs, C. (eds.) Digital objects, digital

subjects: Interdisciplinary perspectives on capitalism, labour and politics in the age of

big data, London: University of Westminster Press.

Larkin, B. (2013). The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure, Annual Review of Anthropology,

, 327-343.

Jarrett, K. (2015), Feminism, labour and digital media: The digital housewife. Abingdon:

Routledge.

Lehdonvirta, V. (2018). Flexibility in the gig economy: Managing time on three online

piecework platforms, New Technology, Work and Employment, 33 (1), 13-29.

Mann, M. (1984). The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and

Results. European Journal of Sociology 25, (2).

Mateescu, A. (2017). Who cares in the gig-economy? On demand models are changing

domestic work, Points, retrieved from: https://points.datasociety.net/who-cares-inthe-

gig-economy-6d75a079a889.

Merrifield, A. (2013) The Urban Question Under Planetary Urbanization, International

Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37, 909-922.

Mezzadra, S., & Neilson, B. (2019). The Politics of Operations. Excavating Contemporary

Capitalism. Duke University Press.

Monstadt, J. (2009). Conceptualizing the Political Ecology of Urban Infrastructures: Insights

from Technology and Urban Studies, Environment and Planning A: Economy

and Space, 41(8), 1924–1942.

Monstadt, J. & Coutard, O. (2019). Cities in an era of interfacing infrastructures: Politics

and spatialities of the urban nexus, Urban Studies, 56 (11), 2191–2206.

Morini, C. (2019), Economia dell’interiorità e capitale antropomorfo. Produzione sociale,

lavoro emozionale e reddito di base, in A. Del Re, C. Morini, B. Mura, L. Perini (Eds.),

Lo sciopero delle donne. Lavoro, trasformazioni del capitale, lotte, Roma: Manifestolibri,

Opitz, S., & Tellmann U. (2015). Europe as Infrastructure: Networking the Operative

Community, The South Atlantic Quarterly, 114 (1).

Pesole A., Urzi Brancati M.C., Fernandez-Macias E., Biagi F., Gonzalez Vasquez I.

(2018), Platform workers in Europe: Evidence from the COLEEM Survey EUR 29275

EN, Luxemburg: Publication Office of the European Union.

Pirone, M. (2018), Piattaforme, scatole nere e tempeste, Zapruder 46, pp. 46-65.

Plantin, J.-C., Lagoze, C., Edwards, P. N., & Sandvig, C. (2018). Infrastructure studies

meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook, New Media & Society,

(1), 293–310.

Roy, A. (2011). Slumdog Cities: Rethinking Subaltern Urbanism, International Journal

of Urban and Regional Research, 35 (2), 223-238.

Robinson, J. (2011). Cities in a World of Cities: The Comparative Gesture, International

Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35, (1), 1-23.

Scott, J. (1999). Seeing like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition

Have Failed, New Haven: Yale University Press.

Srnicek, N. (2017). Platform Capitalism, Cambridge – Malden, MA: Polity.

Srnicek, N. & Williams, A. (2015). Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World

Without Work. London: Verso.

Sundararajan, A. (2016). The Sharing economy. The End of Employment and the Rise of

Crowd-Based Capitalism, Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Ticona J., Mateescu A. & Rosenblat A. (2017), Beyond disruption: How tech shapes labour

across domestic work and ridehailing, New York: Data &Society

Tsing, A. (2012). On Nonscalability: The Living World Is Not Amenable to Precision-

Nested Scales, Common Knowledge, 18 (3), 505-524.

Tsing, A. (2021). The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in

Capitalist Ruins, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Van der Linden, M. (2014). San Precario: A New Inspiration for Labor Historians, Labor,

(1), 9-21.

Van Doorn, N. (2017), Platform labor: on the gendered and racialized exploitation of

low-income service work in the ‘on-demand’ economy, Information, Communication

& Society, 20 (6), 898-914.

Wachsmouth, D. (2015). City as ideology: Reconciling the explosion of the city form

with the tenacity of the city concept, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space

(1), 75-90.

Whiteside, H. (2019). Advanced perspectives on financialised urban infrastructures,

Urban Studies, 56(7), 1477–1484.

Winner, L. (1980). Do artifacts have politics?, Daedalus, 109 (1), 121-136.

Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at

the New Frontier of Power. New York: Public Affairs.