Abstract
Despite many developments in recent decades, legal theory still seems prisoner to the positivist belief that only norms backed by state sanction can be deemed legal. The misgivings voiced concerning the notion of ‘soft law’ are evidence of this belief. This stance, which minimizes the significance of primary obligations, stems from the failure to take seriously the normative capacity of social relations, and thereby overlooks the foundational value that horizontal obligations have for the social and legal order. And in doing so, it risks misunderstanding the reality of rights, whose efficacy is guaranteed first and foremost through the mutual recognition between subjects in a relationship.