Abstract
Identity conflicts pose a series of problems to contemporary liberal-democratic societies. We deal with claims to the recognition of collective identities. The constitutional State is bound to take these requests for recognition seriously and it must guarantee a politics of consideration of cultural differences. The constitutional State must, at the same time, protect integrity and freedom of individuals, ensuring the possibility of being able to live in the world of their culture, the possibility of taking a critical attitude towards this culture, the possibility of breaking with it. The legal coexistence with equal rights for forms of life implies the mutual respect of the different cultural memberships that form own identity. The recognition of equal dignity requires inclusive social relations, which are established through the communicative discourse and which develop in the public political space only through dialogical confrontation.
References
Appiah, K.A. (2005). The Ethics of Identity. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Arendt, H. (1993). Was ist Politik?. München: Piper.
Basile, F. (2010). Immigrazione e reati culturalmente motivati. Il diritto penale nelle società multiculturali, Milano: Giuffrè.
Benhabib, S. (2002). The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Coleman, D.L. (1996). Individualizing Justice Through Multiculturalism: The Liberals’ Dilemma. Columbia Law Review, (96), 1098-1161.
Eisenberg, A. (2009). Reasons of Identity. A Normative Guide to the Political and Legal Assessment of Identity Claims. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ferrajoli, L. (2007). Principia iuris. Teoria del diritto e della democrazia, 2. Teoria della democrazia. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Finnis, J. (1989). Law as Co-ordination. Ratio Juris, (2), 97-104.
Foblets, M.C. (1998). Les délits culturels: de la répercussion des conflits de culture sur la conduite délinquante. Réflexions sur l’apport de l’anthropologie du droit à un débat contemporain. Droit et cultures, 35(1), 195-222.
Forst, R. (1999). The Basic Right to Justification: Toward a Constructivist Conception of Human Rights. Constellations, (6), 35-60.
Fraser, N. & Honneth, A. (2003). Umverteilung oder Anerkennung?. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
Fuller, L.L. (1974). Law as an Instrument of Social Control and Law as a Facilitation of Human Interaction. Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, (8), pp. 99 ss.
Fuller L.L. (1981). The Principles of Social Order. Durham (N. C.): Duke University Press.
Galli, G. (2008). L’umanità multiculturale. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Gianformaggio, L. (2005). Eguaglianza, donne e diritto, Bologna: Il Mulino.
Gutmann, A. (1993). The Challenge of Multiculturalism in Political Ethics. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 22, (3), 171-206.
Gutmann, A. (Ed.) (1994). Multiculturalism. Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gutmann, A. & Thompson, D. (1996). Democracy and Disagreement, Cambridge (Mass.) - London: Harvard University Press.
Gutmann, A. (2003). Identity in Democracy. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Habermas, J. (1994). Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State, en A. Gutmann (ed.), Multiculturalism. Examining the Politics of Recognition, pp. 107-148.
Habermas, J. (1992). Faktizität und Geltung. Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaats. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Habermas, J. (2005). Equal Treatment of Cultures and the Limits of Postmodern Liberalism. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 13(1), 15-27.
Hampshire, S. (1999). Justice is Conflict. London: Duckworth.
Honneth, A. (1992). Kampf um Anerkennung. Grammatik sozialer Konflikte. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Kymlicka, W. (1991). Liberalism, Community and Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural Citizenship. A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Miller, D. (2016). Strangers in Our Midst. The Political Philosophy of Immigration. Cambridge (Mass.) – London: Harvard University Press.
Offe, C. (1998). «Homogeneity» and Constitutional Democracy: Coping with Identity Conflicts through Group Rights. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 6(2), 119-124.
Okin, S.M. (1998). Feminism and Multiculturalism: Some Tensions. Ethics, (108), 661-684.
Parekh, B. (2000). Rethinking Multiculturalism. Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. Basingstoke (Hampshire) - New York: Palgrave.
Parolari, P. (2016). Culture, diritto, diritti. Diversità culturale e diritti fondamentali negli stati costituzionali di diritto. Torino: Giappichelli.
Pastore, B. (2007). Pluralismo, fiducia, solidarietà. Questioni di filosofia del diritto. Roma: Carocci.
Pastore, B. & Lanza, L. (2008). Multiculturalismo e giurisdizione penale. Torino: Giappichelli.
Pastore, B. (2012). Impegni ermeneutici: il diritto e le tensioni del pluralismo culturale. Ars Interpretandi, 1(1), 41-58.
Pastore, B., Viola, F., Zaccaria, G. (2017). Le ragioni del diritto. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Pizzorno, A. (1993). Le radici della politica assoluta e altri saggi. Milano: Feltrinelli.
Pozzolo, S. & Verza, A. (2015). A proposito di identità. Ragion pratica, (45), 293- 561.
Provera, A. (2018). Tra frontiere e confini. Il diritto penale dell’età multiculturale. Napoli: Jovene.
Rajchman, J. (Ed.) (1995). The Identity in Question. New York and London: Routledge.
Rawls, J. (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Raz, J. (1994). Ethics in the Public Domain. Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Renteln, A.D. (2004). The Cultural Defense. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ricoeur, P. (2004). Percours de la reconnaissance. Paris: Éditions Stock.
Rodotà, S. (2012). Il diritto di avere diritti. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Sen, A. (2006). Identity and Violence. The Illusion of Destiny. New York – London: W.W. Norton & Company.
Shacher, A. (2001). Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Women’s Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, C. (1994) The Politics of Recognition. En A. Gutmann (ed.), Multiculturalism. Examinig the Politics of Recognition (pp. 25-73). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Van Broeck, J. (2001). Cultural Defence and Culturally Motivated Crimes (Cultural Offences). European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 9(1), 1-32.
Viola, F. (2005). Conflitti d’identità e conflitti di valori. Ars interpretandi, (10), 61-96.
Waldron, J. (1999). Law and Disagreement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Zaccaria, G. (2008). Pluralismo, ermeneutica, multiculturalismo: una triade concettuale. Ragion pratica, (31), 559-584.